Crystalline form of 1-(beta-D-glucopyransoyl)-4-methyl-3-[5-(4-fluorophenyl)-2- thienylmethyl]benzene hemihydrate

ABSTRACT

A novel crystal form of 1-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-4-methyl-3-[5-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-thienylmethyl]benzene hemihydrate, and having favorable characteristics, is characterized by its x-ray powder diffraction pattern and/or by its infra-red spectrum.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

This invention relates to a crystalline form of 1-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-4-methyl-3-[5-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-thienylmethyl]benzene hemihydrate useful as an inhibitor of sodium-dependent glucose transporter, to methods for its preparation and isolation, to pharmaceutical compositions which include the compound and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, and to pharmaceutical methods of treatment.

2. Description of the Related Art

WO 2005/012326 pamphlet discloses a class of compounds that are inhibitors of sodium-dependent glucose transporter (SGLT) and thus of therapeutic use for treatment of diabetes, obesity, diabetic complications, and the like. There is described in WO 2005/012326 pamphlet 1-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-4-methyl-3-[5-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-thienylmethyl]benzene of formula (I):

In general, for commercial use it is important that a product should have good handling qualities. Additionally, there is a need to produce the product in a pure and crystalline form to enable formulations to meet exacting pharmaceutical requirements and specifications.

And it is desirable that the product should be in a form that is readily filterable and easily dried.

Additionally, it is economically desirable that the product be stable for extended periods of time without the need for specialized storage conditions.

But there have been difficulties in obtaining a crystal form of the compound of formula (I) from organic solvents.

It has now been discovered that the compound of formula (I) hemihydrate can be produced in a crystalline form in a manner reproducible on a commercial scale.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides a crystalline form of hemihydrate of the compound of formula (I) as a novel material, in particular in pharmaceutically acceptable form.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1:

X-ray powder diffraction pattern of the crystalline of hemihydrate of the compound of formula (I).

FIG. 2:

Infra-red spectrum of the crystalline of hemihydrate of the compound of formula (I).

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The inventors of the present invention have found that the compounds of formula (I) can be crystallized from a water-containing solvent and the crystalline form of hemihydrate of the compounds (I) have good handling qualities and characteristics.

Accordingly, the present invention is directed to:

1. A crystalline of hemihydrate of 1-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-4-methyl-3-[5-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-thienylmethyl]benzene. 2. A crystalline of hemihydrate of 1-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-4-methyl-3-[5-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-thienylmethyl]benzene characterized by a powder x-ray diffraction pattern comprising the following 2θ values measured using CuK_(α) radiation: 4.36±0.2, 13.54±0.2, 16.00±0.2, 19.32±0.2, 20.80±0.2. 3. A crystalline of hemihydrate of 1-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-4-methyl-3-[5-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-thienylmethyl]benzene, having substantially the same X-ray powder diffraction pattern as set out in FIG. 1. 4. A crystalline of hemihydrate of 1-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-4-methyl-3-[5-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-thienylmethyl]benzene, having substantially the same IR spectrum, as set out in FIG. 2. 5. A process for the preparation of a crystalline of hemihydrate of 1-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-4-methyl-3-[5-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-thienylmethyl]benzene, which comprises forming a solution of 1-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-4-methyl-3-[5-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-thienylmethyl]benzene and crystallizing said hemihydrate from the solution by precipitation or recrystallization. 6. A pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of a crystalline of hemihydrate of 1-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-4-methyl-3-[5-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-thienylmethyl]benzene and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 7. A method for treatment or delaying the progression or onset of diabetes mellitus, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic neuropathy, diabetic nephropathy, delayed wound healing, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, elevated blood levels of fatty acids, elevated blood levels of glycerol, hyperlipidemia, obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, Syndrome X, diabetic complications, atherosclerosis, or hypertension, which comprises administering a therapeutically effective amount of a crystalline of hemihydrate of 1-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-4-methyl-3-[5-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-thienylmethyl]benzene.

As discussed, the present invention includes a certain solid state crystalline form. Several methods for characterizing such forms exist, and the invention should not be limited by the methods chosen or the instrumentation used in characterizing the compounds of the present invention. For example, with regard to x-ray diffraction patterns, the diffraction peak intensities in the experimental patterns can vary, as is known in the art, primarily due to preferred orientation (non-random orientation of the crystals) in the prepared sample. As such, the scope of the present invention must be considered in light of the variability of characterization that is appreciated by those skilled in the art.

X-Ray Powder Diffraction

The crystalline form of the present invention (I) is characterized by its X-ray powder diffraction pattern. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the crystalline of hemihydrate of the compound (I) was measured on an X-ray diffractometer (RINT-TTR III, Rigaku, Tokyo, Japan) with measured using CuK_(α) radiation. Methodology of X-ray powder diffraction is as follows:

Scanning rate: 2.00 degree/minute.

Target: CuK_(α).

Voltage: 50 kV.

Current: 300 mA.

Scan range: from 3 to 40.0 degree.

Sampling width: 0.0200 degree.

Infra-Red Spectrum

The infra-red spectrum of the crystalline form of the present invention in mineral oil comprises the following main peaks: 1626, 1600, 1549, and 1507 cm⁻¹.

The infra-red spectrum of crystalline compound (I) hemihydrate is shown in the accompanying drawing in which the ordinate is the transmittance in % and the abscissa is the wavenumber in cm⁻¹.

Thermogravimetric Analysis

The crystalline form of the present invention has been observed to exist in a hemihydrate form. The theoretical water content of the crystalline of the present invention is 1.98%. The thermogravimetric analysis for the crystalline of the present invention shows a mass loss of 1.705%.

Methodology of thermogravimetric analysis is as follows: about 8 mg of compound (I) hemihydrate is weighed and transferred in an aluminum cell holder for TG-50 (Shimadzu, Japan), and then, the thermogravimetric (TG) thermal curve of crystalline compound (I) hemihydrate is determined at a heat rate of 5° C./minute. Typical measuring range is from ambient to 150° C.

The present invention also provides a process for producing the crystalline form of hemihydrate of the compound (I) which comprises forming a solution of compound (I) and precipitating the crystalline form from solution.

Typically, the crystalline of hemihydrate of the compound (I) may be obtained from a mixture of the compound of formula (I), a good solvent and water, optionally containing a poor solvent.

Sometimes some impurities may act as crystallization inhibitors, and impurities need to be removed using a conventional manner, such as silica gel column chromatography. However, the crystalline of hemihydrate of the compound of formula (I) can even be obtained from relatively impure compound (I).

The present invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising the crystalline of hemihydrate of the compound (I) and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

The crystalline compound of the present invention possesses activity as inhibitors of sodium-dependent glucose transporters, and show excellent blood glucose lowering effect.

The crystalline form of the present invention are expected to be useful in the treatment, prevention or delaying the progression or onset of diabetes mellitus (type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus, etc.), diabetic complications (such as diabetic retinopathy, diabetic neuropathy, diabetic nephropathy), postprandial hyperglycemia, delayed wound healing, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, elevated blood levels of fatty acids, elevated blood levels of glycerol, hyperlipidemia, obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, Syndrome X, atherosclerosis, or hypertension.

The crystalline form of the present invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof may be administered either orally or parenterally, and can be used in the form of a suitable pharmaceutical preparation. Suitable pharmaceutical preparations for oral administration include, for example, solid preparations such as tablets, granules, capsules, and powders, or solution preparations, suspension preparations, emulsion preparations, and the like. Suitable pharmaceutical preparations for parenteral administration include, for example, suppositories; injection preparations or intravenous drip preparations, using distilled water for injection, physiological saline solution or aqueous glucose solution; and inhalant preparations.

The pharmaceutical compositions herein will contain, per dosage unit, e.g., tablet, capsule, powder, injection, suppository, teaspoonful and the like, from about 0.01 mg/kg to about 100 mg/kg body weight (preferably from about 0.01 mg/kg to about 50 mg/kg; and, more preferably, from about 0.01 mg/kg to about 30 mg/kg) of the active ingredient, and may be given at a dosage of from about 0.01 mg/kg/day to about 100 mg/kg/day (preferably from about 0.01 mg/kg/day to about 50 mg/kg/day and more preferably from about 0.01 mg/kg/day to about 30 mg/kg/day). The method of treating a disorder described in the present invention may also be carried out using a pharmaceutical composition comprising the crystalline form as defined herein and a pharmaceutical acceptable carrier. The dosage form will contain from about 0.01 mg/kg to about 100 mg/kg (preferably from about 0.01 mg/kg to about 50 mg/kg; and, more preferably, from about 0.01 mg/kg to about 30 mg/kg) of the active ingredient, and may be constituted into any form suitable for the mode of administration selected. The dosages, however, may be varied depending upon administration routes, the requirement of the subjects, the severity of the condition being treated and the compound being employed. The use of either daily administration or post-periodic dosing may be employed.

The crystalline form of the present invention may be used, if necessary, in combination with one or more of other anti-diabetic agents, antihyperglycemic agents and/or agents for treatment of other diseases. The present compounds and these other agents may be administered in the same dosage form, or in a separate oral dosage form or by injection.

The dosage of those agents may vary according to, for example, ages, body weight, conditions of patients, administration routes, and dosage forms.

These pharmaceutical compositions may be orally administered to mammalian species including human beings, apes, and dogs, in the dosage form of, for example, tablet, capsule, granule or powder, or parenterally administered in the form of injection preparation, or intranasally, or in the form of transdermal patch.

The crystalline form of hemihydrate of the compound of formula (I) can be prepared from a mixture of the compound (I), a good solvent and water, optionally containing a poor solvent.

Examples of good solvents which have been found suitable include ketones (e.g., acetone, 2-butanone), esters (e.g., ethyl acetate, methyl acetate), alcohols (e.g., methanol, ethanol, i-propanol), and a mixture of these solvents. Examples of poor solvents include alkanes (e.g., hexane, heptane), aromatic hydrocarbons (e.g., benzene, toluene), ethers (e.g., diethyl ether, dimethyl ether, diisopropyl ether) and a mixture of these solvents.

One preferred preparation of the crystalline form of hemihydrate of the compound of formula (I) typically involves dissolving in a good solvent (e.g., ketones or esters) crude or amorphous compound of formula (I) prepared in accordance with the procedures described in WO 2005/012326 pamphlet, and adding water and a poor solvent (e.g., alkanes or ethers) to the resulting solution, followed by filtration.

In case that a good solvent is soluble in water, a poor solvent needs not be used and water may be added to the solution of the compound of formula (I) in the good solvent so the solubility of the compound of formula (I) can be decreased in the solution.

In case that a poor solvent is used, water is preferably used in amount of 1 to 10 molar equivalents to the compound of formula (I), the good solvent is preferably used in amount of 10 to 100 times of volume of water, and the poor solvent is preferably used in amount of 0.1 to 10 times of volume of the good solvent.

The precise conditions under which the crystalline of hemihydrate of the compound (I) is formed may be empirically determined.

Under these conditions, crystallization can preferably be carried out at a lowered, ambient or elevated temperature.

The crystalline form of hemihydrate of the compound of formula (I) is significantly easier to isolate than amorphous form of the compound and can be filtered from the crystallization medium after cooling, and washed and dried. Also, the crystalline form of the present invention is more stable than the amorphous form of the compound of formula (I).

EXAMPLES Example 1 Crystalline 1-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-4-methyl-3-[5-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-thienylmethyl]benzene hemihydrate 1-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-4-methyl-3-[5-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-thienylmethyl]benzene was prepared in a similar manner as described in WO 2005/012326.

(1) To a solution of 5-bromo-1-[5-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-thienylmethyl]-2-methylbenzene (1, 28.9 g) in tetrahydrofuran (480 ml) and toluene (480 ml) was added n-butyllithium (1.6M hexane solution, 50.0 ml) dropwise at −67 to −70° C. under argon atmosphere, and the mixture was stirred for 20 minutes at the same temperature. Thereto was added a solution of 2 (34.0 g) in toluene (240 ml) dropwise at the same temperature, and the mixture was further stirred for 1 hour at the same temperature. Subsequently, thereto was added a solution of methanesulfonic acid (21.0 g) in methanol (480 ml) dropwise, and the resulting mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for 17 hours. The mixture was cooled under ice-water cooling, and thereto was added a saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate, and the combined organic layer was washed with brine and dried over magnesium sulfate. The insoluble was filtered off and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was triturated with toluene (100 ml)—hexane (400 ml) to give 1-(1-methoxyglucopyranosyl)-4-methyl-3-[5-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-thienylmethyl]-benzene (3) (31.6 g). APCI-Mass m/Z 492 (M+NH₄).

(2) A solution of 3 (63.1 g) and triethylsilane (46.4 g) in dichloromethane (660 ml) was cooled by dry ice-acetone bath under argon atmosphere, and thereto was added dropwise boron trifluoride•ethyl ether complex (50.0 ml), and the mixture was stirred at the same temperature. The mixture was allowed to warm to 0° C. and stirred for 2 hours. At the same temperature, a saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution (800 ml) was added, and the mixture was stirred for 30 minutes. The organic solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, and the residue was poured into water and extracted with ethyl acetate twice. The organic layer was washed with water twice, dried over magnesium sulfate and treated with activated carbon. The insoluble was filtered off and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (300 ml), and thereto were added diethyl ether (600 ml) and H₂O (6 ml). The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight, and the precipitate was collected, washed with ethyl acetate-diethyl ether (1:4) and dried under reduced pressure at room temperature to give 1-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-4-methyl-3-[5-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-thienylmethyl]benzene hemihydrate (33.5 g) as colorless crystals. mp 98-100° C. APCI-Mass m/Z 462 (M+NH₄). ¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ 2.26 (3H, s), 3.13-3.28 (4H, m), 3.44 (1H, m), 3.69 (1H, m), 3.96 (1H, d, J=9.3 Hz), 4.10, 4.15 (each 1H, d, J=16.0 Hz), 4.43 (1H, t, J=5.8 Hz), 4.72 (1H, d, J=5.6 Hz), 4.92 (2H, d, J=4.8 Hz), 6.80 (1H, d, J=3.5 Hz), 7.11-7.15 (2H, m), 7.18-7.25 (3H, m), 7.28 (1H, d, J=3.5 Hz), 7.59 (2H, dd, J=8.8, 5.4 Hz). Anal. Calcd. for C₂₄H₂₅FO₅S.0.5H₂O: C, 63.56; H, 5.78; F, 4.19; S, 7.07. Found: C, 63.52; H, 5.72; F, 4.08; S, 7.00.

Example 2

An amorphous powder of 1-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-4-methyl-3-[5-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-thienylmethyl]benzene (1.62 g) was dissolved in acetone (15 ml), and thereto were added H₂O (30 ml) and a crystalline seed. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 18 hours, and the precipitate was collected, washed with acetone—H₂O (1:4, 30 ml) and dried under reduced pressure at room temperature to give 1-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-4-methyl-3-[5-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-thienylmethyl]benzene hemihydrate (1.52 g) as colorless crystals. mp 97-100° C. 

1. A crystalline of hemihydrate of 1-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-4-methyl-3-[5-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-thienylmethyl]benzene.
 2. A crystalline of hemihydrate of claim 1, having a powder x-ray diffraction pattern comprising the following 2θ values measured using CuK_(α) radiation: 4.36±0.2, 13.54±0.2, 16.00±0.2, 19.32±0.2, and 20.80±0.2.
 3. A crystalline of hemihydrate of claim 1, having substantially the same X-ray diffraction pattern as set out in FIG.
 1. 4. A crystalline of hemihydrate of claim 1, having substantially the same IR spectrum, as set out in FIG.
 2. 5. A process for the preparation of a crystalline of hemihydrate of claim 1, which comprises forming a solution of 1-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-4-methyl-3-[5-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-thienylmethyl]benzene and crystallizing said hemihydrate from the solution by precipitation or recrystallization.
 6. A pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of a crystalline of hemihydrate of claim 1 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
 7. A method for treatment or delaying the progression or onset of diabetes mellitus, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic neuropathy, diabetic nephropathy, delayed wound healing, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, elevated blood levels of fatty acids, elevated blood levels of glycerol, hyperlipidemia, obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, Syndrome X, diabetic complications, atherosclerosis, or hypertension, which comprises administering a therapeutically effective amount of a crystalline of hemihydrate of claim
 1. 